miR-146a-5p Attenuates Allergic Airway Inflammation by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages

miR-146a-5p inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages in the lung tissue of allergic mice, prevented pro-inflammatory phenotype M1 polarization, and promoted anti-inflammatory phenotype M2 polarization by targeting the TIRAP/NF-κB pathway, thus alleviating airway inflammation in allergic asthma.

Allergic mouse models were established by ovalbumin stimulation, and mice were treated with miR-146a-5p agomir and oe-TIRAP 3 h before OVA stimulation. The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The airway hyperresponsiveness of mice were examined. The miR-146a-5p level was detected by RT-qPCR. The inflammatory cytokines (IL-18/TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum IgE levels were examined by ELISA. Airway inflammation in mice was detected after miR-146a-5p overexpression. The levels of NLRP3/ASC/caspase1 proteins and macrophage M1/M2 surface markers in mouse lung tissues were examined using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and flow cytometry. The targeting relationship between miR-146a-5p and TIRAP was verified by dual-luciferase assay. The p65 levels in the cytoplasm/nucleus of mouse lung tissue were measured.

Asthma is a common inflammatory respiratory disease with increasing incidence worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of miR-146a-5p in reducing allergic airway inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages.

miR-146a-5p was downregulated in the lung tissues of allergic mice, and miR-146a-5p overexpression alleviated airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. miR-146a-5p suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages of allergic mice, reduced NLRP3/ASC/caspase1 protein levels in lung tissues, blocked M1 polarization, and promoted M2 polarization. miR-146a-5p targeted TIRAP. TIRAP overexpression partially reversed the promoting effect of miR-146a-5p on M2 polarization. miR-146a-5p can inhibit the activation of the TIRAP/NF-κB pathway.