Abstract
Physiological circuits differ across increasing isometric force levels during unilateral contraction. Therefore, we first explored the possibility of predicting the force level based on electroencephalogram (EEG) activity recorded during a single trial of unilateral 5% or 40% of maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) in right-hand grip imagination. Nine healthy subjects were involved in this study. The subjects were required to randomly perform 20 trials for each force level while imagining a right-hand grip. We proposed the use of common spatial patterns (CSPs) and coherence between EEG signals as features in a support vector machine for force level prediction. The results showed that the force levels could be predicted through single-trial EEGs while imagining the grip (mean accuracy = 81.4 ± 13.29%). Additionally, we tested the possibility of online control of a ball game using the above paradigm through unilateral grip imagination at different force levels (i.e., 5% of MVC imagination and 40% of MVC imagination for right-hand movement control). Subjects played the ball games effectively by controlling direction with our novel BCI system (n = 9, mean accuracy = 76.67 ± 9.35%). Data analysis validated the use of our BCI system in the online control of a ball game. This information may provide additional commands for the control of robots by users through combinations with other traditional brain-computer interfaces, e.g., different limb imaginations.