Background
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a pivotal role in endothelial repair following artery injury, however, the molecular mechanism of late outgrowth EPCs (LEPCs) in endothelial repair remained to be studied. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is involved in vascular injury-mediated mobilization and homing of LEPCs. Here, we investigated the influence of BMP4-modified signaling pathway in LEPC-related endothelial repair of human and underlying molecular mechanism.
Conclusion
Thus, the present study demonstrates for the first time that BMP4-related signaling pathway is essential with endothelial repair capacity of LEPCs in human. The upregulation of BMP4-modified signaling pathway in human LEPCs may be a novel therapeutic strategy for endothelial repair after injury.
Results
In vitro, after a 28day culture, human LEPCs were pretreated with different concentrations of recombinant BMP4 (0, 10, 50, or 100ng/mL), which markedly augmented the migration and adhesion in vitro and demonstrated a significantly accelerated in vivo endothelial repair capacity of human LEPCs after transplantation into nude mice with carotid artery denudation injury. Moreover, the main Id gene (Id2), a well-characterized down-streaming target of BMP4, upregulated in LEPCs incubated with recombinant BMP4. The BMP4-induced enhancement in in vitro functional activities and in vivo endothelial repair capacity of human LEPCs were abolished by pretreatment with BMP antagonist Noggin or shRNA-mediated knockdown of BMP4 expression. Furthermore, BMP4 gene transfer remarkably activated BMP4-mediated signaling pathway and facilitated therapeutic endothelial repair capacity of LEPCs, and the improved functional activities of human LEPCs could be inhibited by Noggin.