Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare acute responses between manual and automated blood flow restriction (BFR) systems. METHODS: A total of 33 individuals completed this study. On visit 1, arterial occlusion pressure (AOP, mm Hg), cardiovascular responses, and discomfort (RPE-D) were measured with each BFR system at rest. On visit 2, unilateral bicep curls were completed [30% one-repetition maximum; 50% AOP] with one system per arm. Muscle thickness (MT, cm) and maximal force (N) were assessed before (pre), immediately (post-0), 5 min (post-5), and 10 min (post-10) post-exercise. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE-E) and ratings of perceived discomfort (RPE-D) were assessed throughout the exercise. AOP and repetitions were compared with Bayesian paired t-tests. Other outcomes were compared with Bayesian RMANOVAs. BF(10) represents the likelihood of the best model vs. the null. The results are presented as mean ± SD. RESULTS: Supine cardiovascular responses and RPE-D were similar for manual and automated (all BF(10) ≤ 0.2). Supine AOP for manual (157 ± 20) was higher than that of automated (142 ± 17; BF(10) = 44496.0), but similar while standing (manual: 141 ± 17; automated: 141 ± 22; BF(10) = 0.2). MT (time, BF(10) = 6.047e + 40) increased from Pre (3.9 ± 0.7) to Post-0 (4.4 ± 0.8; BF(10) = 2.969e + 28), with Post-0 higher than Post-5 (4.3 ± 0.8) and Post-10 (4.3 ± 0.8; both BF(10) ≥ 275.2). Force (time, BF(10) = 1.246e + 29) decreased from Pre (234.5 ± 79.2) to Post-0 (149.8 ± 52.3; BF(10) = 2.720e + 22) and increased from Post-0 to Post-5 (193.3 ± 72.7; BF(10) = 1.744e + 13), with Post-5 to Post-10 (194.0 ± 70.6; BF(10) = 0.2) being similar. RPE-E increased over sets. RPE-D was lower for manual than automated. Repetitions per set were higher for manual (Set 1: 37 ± 18; Set 4: 9 ± 5) than automated (Set 1: 30 ± 7; Set 4: 7 ± 3; all BF(10) ≥ 9.7). CONCLUSION: Under the same relative pressure, responses are mostly similar between BFR systems, although a manual system led to lower exercise discomfort and more repetitions.