Abstract
Spinel-type nickel ferrite (Ni(x)Fe(3-x)O(4), x≤1) is a widely used electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Due to the lower hybridization of metal-d and oxygen-p orbitals, the OER process on Ni(x)Fe(3-x)O(4) follows the sluggish adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM). Generally, activating the lattice oxygen to trigger the lattice-oxygen-mediated mechanism (LOM) can enhance the OER activity. Herein, to trigger the LOM pathway while maintaining high stability, iron foam (IF)-supported Ni(0.75)Fe(2.25)O(4) (NiFeO) with geometrical defects of [NiO(6)] (nickel cation coordinated with six oxygen anions) units and higher ratio of Fe to Ni cations in octahedral sites (d-NiFe(HR)O/IF) is prepared by ion-exchanging with polar aprotic solvent followed by annealing. As a result, as-synthesized d-NiFe(HR)O/IF exhibits excellent activity (at 295 mV overpotential to achieve 100 mA cm(-2)), fast kinetics (Tafel slope of only 34.6 mV dec(-1)), and high stability (maintaining a current density of 100 mA cm(-2) over 130 h) for the OER. The theoretical calculations reveal that the construction of octahedral defect in Ni(x)Fe(3-x)O(4) enhances the overlap of Fe-d and O-p orbitals, which can activate the lattice oxygen. Therefore, increasing the ratio of Fe to Ni will further improve the lattice oxygen redox activity, and thus trigger the fast LOM pathway, ultimately facilitating the OER process.