Abstract
Effects of the in ovo-injection of vitamin D(3) (D(3)) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25OHD(3)) on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, and woody breast myopathy (WBM) incidence were investigated. Live embryonated Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs (2,880) were randomly assigned to one of the following in ovo injection treatments: (1) diluent (50 μL); diluent (50 μL) containing either (2) 2.4 μg D(3); (3) 2.4 μg 25OHD(3); or (4) 2.4 μg D(3) + 2.4 μg 25OHD(3). Eggs were injected at 18 d of incubation (doi) using an Inovoject multiegg injector. At hatch, 18 male chicks were randomly placed in each of 6 replicate pens belonging to each in ovo injection and, dietary treatment combination. Birds were fed either a commercial diet or a diet restricted in calcium and phosphorous (ReCaP) content by 20% for the starter, grower and finisher dietary phases. Broiler performance was determined in each dietary phase and breast muscle yield was also determined at 14 and 40 d of age (doa). At 41 and 46 doa, birds were processed for determination of WBM, carcass weight, and the absolute and relative (% of carcass weight) weights of various carcass parts. Compared to birds fed the commercial diet, birds fed ReCaP diets experienced a reduction in performance from 14 to 40 doa, in breast meat yield at 41 and 46 doa, and in WBM at 41 and 46 doa. At 14 and 40 doa, breast meat yield in birds that received an in ovo injection of 25OHD(3) alone was higher compared to birds that received diluent alone or a combination of D(3) and 25OHD(3). Lower WBM incidence in ReCaP-fed birds was associated with a lower breast weight. An increase in breast meat yield in response to 25OHD(3) alone may be due to improved immunity and small intestine morphology. However, further study is needed to determine the aforementioned effects.