Abstract
BACKGROUND: Kidney stones are a prevalent health concern with rising incidence, influenced by factors such as inflammation, nutrition, and immune function. The C-reactive protein (CRP)-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index-a composite measure of CRP, albumin, and lymphocyte count-has demonstrated prognostic value in several cancers. However, its relevance to kidney stone formation remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to examine the association between the CALLY index and kidney stone risk using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. METHODS: A total of 10,562 participants were included after applying exclusion criteria. Kidney stone status was determined through self-reported questionnaires, and the CALLY index was calculated accordingly. Associations between the CALLY index and kidney stones were assessed using multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) models, and subgroup analyses. RESULTS: Participants with kidney stones exhibited a lower mean CALLY index. Multivariable analyses revealed a significant inverse association between the CALLY index and kidney stone risk, particularly when the index was modeled categorically. Individuals in the highest quartile of the CALLY index had a 27.3% lower risk of kidney stones compared with those in the lowest quartile. RCS analysis further confirmed a nonlinear relationship. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the CALLY index is negatively associated with kidney stone risk.