Abstract
The significant increase in energy consumption has facilitated a rapid increase in offensive greenhouse gas (GHG) and CO(2) emissions. The consequences of such emissions are one of the most pivotal concerns of environmental scientists. To protect the environment, they are conducting the necessary research to protect the environment from the greenhouse effect. Among the different sources of CO(2) emission, power plants contribute the largest amount of CO(2) and as the number of power plants around the world is rising gradually due to increasing energy demand, the amount of CO(2) emission is also rising subsequently. Researchers have developed different potential technologies to capture post-combustion CO(2) capture from powerplants among which membrane-based, cryogenic, absorption and adsorption-based CO(2) processes have gained much attention due to their applicability at the industrial level. In this work, adsorption-based CO(2) technologies are comprehensively reviewed and discussed to understand the recent advancements in different adsorption technologies and several adsorbent materials. Researchers and scientists have developed and advanced different adsorption technologies including vacuum swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, pressure swing adsorption, and electric swing adsorption, etc. To further improve the CO(2) adsorption capacity with a compact CO(2) adsorption unit, researchers have integrated different adsorption technologies to investigate their performance, such as temperature vacuum swing adsorption, pressure vacuum swing adsorption, electric temperature pressure swing adsorption, etc. Different adsorbent materials have been tested to evaluate their applicability for CO(2) adsorption and among these adsorbents, advanced carbonaceous, non-carbonaceous, polymeric, and nanomaterials have achieved much attention due to their suitable characteristics that are required for adsorbing CO(2). Researchers have reported that higher CO(2) adsorption capacity can be achieved by integrating different adsorption technologies and employing suitable adsorbent material for that system. This comprehensive review also provides future directions that may assist researchers in developing novel adsorbent materials and gaining a proper understanding of the selection criteria for effective CO(2) adsorption processes with suitable adsorbents.