Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women worldwide due to its aggressive nature, early metastasis, and resistance to standard chemotherapy. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anticancer drug and remains one of the most effective treatments for breast cancer. This review delves into the diverse anticancer attributes of DOX, encompassing its ability to induce DNA damage, provoke the production of reactive oxygen species, facilitate various mechanisms of cell death, and promote or enhance an anti-tumor immune response. Through an analysis of both monotherapy and combination therapy approaches, this review underscores the immense significance of DOX in contemporary breast cancer treatment. It also delves into the limitations of DOX-based therapies and provides insights into future perspectives for research and development in this field.