Abstract
Application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in elderly patients remains challenging due to the scarcity of safety and efficacy data. An 84 year-old female with a right renal cell carcinoma invading the vena cava received two cycles of avelumab plus axitinib. As the thrombus showed a marked reduction, right nephrectomy and vena cava thrombectomy were performed. Pathological examination revealed intra-tumor infiltration of CD8(+) T cells suggesting the efficacy of immunotherapy. Although immune function deteriorates with age (immunosenescence), our findings suggest that older patients may not necessarily be excluded from ICI therapy.