Abstract
BACKGROUND: Substantial progress has been made in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment, but there is still a fraction of patients cannot find any effective therapeutic strategy after guideline-recommended standard chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we present a KRAS/NRAS/BRAF wild-type mCRC patient who has been previously treated with FOLFIRI (fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan), XELOX (capecitabine and oxaliplatin), cetuximab and bevacizumab, and then received the next generation sequencing (NGS) and whose metastatic subcutaneous nodule was resected to generate patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. The NGS revealed HER-2 amplification as well as an activating mutation S310F and PDX models tested several drugs finding that afatinib was the optimal agent with notable efficacy and well tolerance among 6 regimens. Therefore, this patient started to take afatinib orally and achieved 3 months progression-free survival (PFS) and relief of clinical symptoms without severe adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: NGS and PDX models have great significance for precision and individualized medicine in the mCRC treatment, especially for patients whose diseases have been progressed after multiline standard therapies.