Abstract
The stability of the gas displacing oil front (i.e., gas-oil interface) is of the utmost importance for the success of the immiscible gas flooding project under crestal gas injection. However, the preceding gas flooding assessment models are deficient in their description of the gas flooding mechanism, and they do not take into account the critical influencing factors in a comprehensive manner. Utilizing theoretical derivation, oilfield justifications, criterion and experiment validation, and dimensional analysis on crestal gas injection for stable flooding, this study presents an innovative theory and technique for artificial CO(2) gas cap immiscible rigid stable gas flooding under CO(2) injection, which could not only greatly improve crude oil recovery but also realize CO(2) geological storage on a large scale, and new insights into displacement mechanism on the gas-oil interface through artificial CO(2) gas cap immiscible rigid stable gas flooding process. Based on the multiphase filtrate theory, considering the influencing factors such as crude oil density, crude oil viscosity, density of injected gas, gas injection rate, strata dip, liquid phase relative permeability, air permeability in formation direction, viscosity of injected gas, gas phase relative permeability and the acting forces such as buoyancy, gravity, driving pressure, capillary pressure, viscous force and additional resistance in multiphase flow during the artificial CO(2) gas cap immiscible rigid stable gas flooding process under CO(2) injection, A simple quantified artificial CO(2) gas cap immiscible rigid stable gas flooding assessment model ([Formula: see text]) was established. The results indicate the artificial CO(2) gas cap immiscible rigid stable gas flooding process has the theory and field feasibility of greatly enhancing crude oil recovery and realizing CO(2) geological storage on a large scale. And the oil reservoirs with strata dip, which have large oil and gas density difference, small oil and gas viscosity ratio, large oil and gas relative permeability ratio, large strata dip, and large air permeability in the direction are easy to exert gravity and buoyancy, reduce the influence of capillary pressure, viscosity and additional resistance, benefit to maintain the stability of gas displacing oil front and improve microscopic oil displacement efficiency, and facilitate the implementation of artificial CO(2) gas cap immiscible rigid stable gas flooding development. In addition, the theoretical deduction, field and experimental validation indicate that artificial CO(2) gas cap immiscible rigid stable gas flooding under CO(2) injection can be realized when [Formula: see text] is greater than 1. The proposed [Formula: see text] model can be used as a creterion to assess the stablity and efficiency of the crestal gas injection for stable flooding such as artificial CO(2) gas cap immiscible rigid stable gas flooding, artificial CO(2) gas cap immiscible stable gas flooding, GAGD, gravity assisted gas injection, and crestal gas injection for stable gravity flooding for theoretical investigation, numerical simulation, laboratory test and field trial project design or operation.