Abstract
Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) combined with tacrolimus (TAC) as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis post-hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is safe and effective. Optimal serum levels of TAC in this combination remain undetermined. We hypothesized that TAC at initial steady state (TISS) of <10 ng/mL could promote optimal transplant outcomes and prevent TAC-associated toxicities. We retrospectively analyzed a consecutive case series of 210 patients who received PTCy/TAC-based prophylaxis post-HCT from 1/2013-6/2018. Patients received HCT from haploidentical (n = 172) or mismatched donors (n = 38), and flat dose (FD) or weight-based dose (WBD) TAC. Twenty-four-month overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), and relapse rate (RR) were 61%, 56%, and 22%, respectively, in TISS < 10 ng/mL cohort (n = 176), and 50%, 43%, and 35%, respectively, in TISS ≥ 10 ng/mL cohort (n = 34) (OS, P = 0.71; DFS, P = 0.097; RR, P = 0.031). OS, DFS, RR, non-relapse mortality, acute GvHD grade II-IV, grade III-IV or chronic GvHD by TISS were similar in multivariable analysis. TISS ≥ 10 ng/mL conferred increased risk of viral infection (P = 0.003). More patients receiving FD vs. WBD had TISS < 10 ng/mL (P = 0.001). Overall, TISS < 10 ng/mL early post HCT conferred similar survival outcomes and lowered risk of viral infection and toxicities compared to TISS ≥ 10 ng/mL.