Abstract
PURPOSE: Knowledge of medical radiation exposure permits application of radiation protection principles. In our center, the first dedicated real-time, automated patient and staff dose monitoring system (DoseWise Portal, Philips Healthcare) was installed. Aim of this study was to obtain insight in the procedural and occupational doses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All interventional radiologists, vascular surgeons, and technicians wore personal dose meters (PDMs, DoseAware, Philips Healthcare). The dose monitoring system simultaneously registered for each procedure dose-related data as the dose area product (DAP) and effective staff dose (E) from PDMs. Use and type of shielding were recorded separately. All procedures were analyzed according to procedure type; these included among others cerebral interventions (n = 112), iliac and/or caval venous recanalization procedures (n = 68), endovascular aortic repair procedures (n = 63), biliary duct interventions (n = 58), and percutaneous gastrostomy procedure (n = 28). RESULTS: Median (±IQR) DAP doses ranged from 2.0 (0.8-3.1) (percutaneous gastrostomy) to 84 (53-147) Gy cm(2) (aortic repair procedures). Median (±IQR) first operator doses ranged from 1.6 (1.1-5.0) μSv to 33.4 (12.1-125.0) for these procedures, respectively. The relative exposure, determined as first operator dose normalized to procedural DAP, ranged from 1.9 in biliary interventions to 0.1 μSv/Gy cm(2) in cerebral interventions, indicating large variation in staff dose per unit DAP among the procedure types. CONCLUSION: Real-time dose monitoring was able to identify the types of interventions with either an absolute or relatively high staff dose, and may allow for specific optimization of radiation protection.