Abstract
Recently, the immune checkpoint inhibitors which target programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) have made a breakthrough in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Researches on immune checkpoint inhibitors have been rapidly implemented in various types of lung cancer, such as small cell lung cancer and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. These inhibitors have been applied in combination with other treatment strategies, including chemotherapy, targeting therapy and radiotherapy. However, there are still many problems to be solved, such as searching for ideal biomarkers, exploring different combination treatment models, and identifying the potential mechanisms of primary or secondary drug resistance. Along with these problems to be successfully solved, the immune checkpoint inhibitors will have broader applications in lung cancer therapy.