Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 entry is mediated by binding of the spike protein (S) to the surface receptor ACE2. Engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) exposing specific antibody fragments, namely nanobodies, are efficient decoys for S protein. EVs may act as a multifunctional vector to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and simultaneously modulate the inflammatory microenvironment in COVID-19 patients.