Metagenomic analysis identified co-infection with human rhinovirus C and bocavirus 1 in an adult suffering from severe pneumonia

• We first present a HRV-C and HBoV1 co-infection in an adult woman with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. • Our study suggests that HBoV1 co-infection might worsen the disease caused by HRV-C infection, and raises a question whether HRV-C-related severe pneumonia is often associated with co-infection of other respiratory viruses such as bocavirus.