Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neurosurgical cranial titanium mesh and screws are commonly encountered in postoperative radiation therapy. However, only a limited number of reports are available in the context of proton therapy, resulting in a lack of consensus among the proton centers regarding the protocol for handling the hardware. PURPOSE: This study is to examine the impact of the hardware in proton plans. The results serve as evidence for proton centers to generate standard operating procedures to manage the hardware in proton treatment. METHODS: Plans with different gantry angles and material overrides are generated on the CT images of a phantom made of the hardware. The dose distributions of the plans with and without material override, at different depths are compared. Films and ionization chambers are used to measure the plans and the measurements are compared to the treatment planning system (TPS) calculations by gamma analysis. RESULTS: There are some overdose and underdose regions downstream of the hardware. The overdose and underdose values are within a few percent of the prescribed dose when multiple fields with large hinge angles are used. The gamma analysis results show that the measurements agree with the TPS calculations within limits that are clinically relevant. CONCLUSION: The study has demonstrated the influence of the hardware on proton plans. Based on the result of this study, a standard operating procedure of managing the hardware has been implemented in our clinic.