Abstract
Aboveground tree architecture is neither fully deterministic nor random. It is likely the result of mechanisms that balance static requirements and light-capturing efficiency. Here, we used terrestrial laser scanning data to investigate the relationship between tree architecture, here addressed using the box-dimension (D (b)), and the architectural benefit-to-cost ratio, the light availability, and the growth of trees. We detected a clear relationship between D (b) and the benefit-to-cost ratio for the tested three temperate forest tree species (Fagus sylvatica L., Fraxinus excelsior L., and Acer pseudoplatanus L.). In addition, we could also show that D (b) is positively related to the growth performance of several tropical tree species. Finally, we observed a negative relationship between the strength of competition enforced on red oak (Quercus rubra L.) trees and their D (b.) We therefore argue that D (b) is a meaningful and integrative measure that describes the structural complexity of the aboveground compartments of a plant as well as its relation to structural efficiency (benefit-to-cost ratio), productivity, and growing conditions (competition or availability of light).