Abstract
This JBC Review on the discoveries of yeast phosphatidate (PA) phosphatase genes is dedicated to Dr. Herbert Tabor, Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Biological Chemistry (JBC) for 40 years, on the occasion of his 100th birthday. Here, I reflect on the discoveries of the APP1, DPP1, LPP1, and PAH1 genes encoding all the PA phosphatase enzymes in yeast. PA phosphatase catalyzes PA dephosphorylation to generate diacylglycerol; both substrate and product are key intermediates in the synthesis of membrane phospholipids and triacylglycerol. App1 and Pah1 are peripheral membrane proteins catalyzing an Mg(2+)-dependent reaction governed by the DXDX(T/V) phosphatase motif. Dpp1 and Lpp1 are integral membrane proteins that catalyze an Mg(2+)-independent reaction governed by the KX(6)RP-PSGH-SRX(5)HX(3)D phosphatase motif. Pah1 is PA-specific and is the only PA phosphatase responsible for lipid synthesis at the nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membrane. App1, Dpp1, and Lpp1, respectively, are localized to cortical actin patches and the vacuole and Golgi membranes; they utilize several lipid phosphate substrates, including PA, lyso-PA, and diacylglycerol pyrophosphate. App1 is postulated to be involved in endocytosis, whereas Dpp1 and Lpp1 may be involved in lipid signaling. Pah1 is the yeast lipin homolog of mice and humans. A host of cellular defects and lipid-based diseases associated with loss or overexpression of PA phosphatase in yeast, mice, and humans, highlights its importance to cell physiology.