Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Failure to rescue (FTR) is an emerging measure in cardiac surgery, defined as mortality after a postoperative complication. We hypothesized that establishing a medical emergency team (MET) reduced rates of FTR in adults undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: All patients (N = 11,218) undergoing a The Society of Thoracic Surgeons index operation at our center (1994-2018) were stratified by pre-MET or MET era based on the 2009 institutional implementation of a MET to respond to clinical decompensation in non-intensive-care patients. Patients missing The Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality were excluded from all cohorts. Risk adjusted multivariable regression analyzed the association of postoperative complications, operative mortality, and FTR by era. Nearest neighbor propensity score matching utilizing patients' The Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality was performed to create balanced control and exposure groups for secondary subgroup analysis. RESULTS: In the risk-adjusted multivariable analysis, surgery during the MET era was associated with decreased mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.51; 95% CI, 0.45-0.77; P < .001), postoperative renal failure (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.46-0.70; P < .001), reoperation (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59-0.95; P = .017), and deep sternal wound infection (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.45; P = .002). Surgery performed during the MET era was associated with a decreased rate of FTR in the risk-adjusted analysis (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.34-0.70; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The development of an institutional MET program was associated with a decrease in major complications and FTR. These findings support the development of MET programs to improve FTR after cardiac surgery.