Abstract
Attachment theory, originally developed to explain interpersonal relationships, may also be relevant to understanding the psychological aspects of group belonging. Accordingly, the current study examined the role of attachment to Israel as a group of belonging in shaping mental health outcomes among Israeli citizens following the October 7th attack, focusing on psychological mechanisms involving meaning in life and intolerance of uncertainty. A sample of 1179 participants completed an online survey assessing attachment to Israel, sense of meaning in life, intolerance of uncertainty, and mental health. Path analysis revealed that attachment to Israel was positively associated with better mental health, both directly and indirectly through two key mechanisms: a stronger sense of meaning in life and lower intolerance of uncertainty. Specifically, attachment to Israel was positively associated with meaning in life, which, in turn, was significantly linked to enhanced mental well-being. Moreover, attachment to Israel was associated with lower intolerance of uncertainty, which was also positively correlated with improved mental health. These findings demonstrate that a strong attachment to Israel can enhance mental health by fostering a sense of meaning in life and reducing uncertainty. The implications of these findings are discussed within the frameworks of existential psychology, social identity theory, and attachment theory.