Abstract
Background: Antipsychotics carry a higher-risk profile than other psychotropic medications and may be prescribed for youth with conditions in which other first-line treatments are more appropriate. This study aimed to evaluate the population-level effect of the Safer Use of Antipsychotics in Youth (SUAY) trial, which aimed to reduce person-days of antipsychotic use among participants. Methods: We conducted an interrupted time series analysis using segmented regression to measure changes in prescribing trends of antipsychotic initiation rates pre-SUAY and post-SUAY trial at four U.S. health systems between 2013 and 2020. Results: In our overall model, adjusted for age and insurance type, antipsychotic initiation rates decreased by 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30, 1.16, p = 0.002) prescriptions per 10,000 person-months before the SUAY trial. In the first quarter following the start of the trial, there was an immediate decrease in the rate of antipsychotic initiations of 6.57 (95% CI: 0.99, 12.15) prescriptions per 10,000 person-months. When comparing the posttrial period to the pretrial period, there was an increase of 1.09 (95% CI: 0.32, 1.85) prescriptions per 10,000 person-months, but the increasing rate in the posttrial period alone was not statistically significant (0.36 prescriptions per 10,000 person-months, 95% CI: -0.27, 0.99). Conclusion: The declining trend of antipsychotic initiation seen between 2013 and 2018 (pre-SUAY trial) may have naturally reached a level at which prescribing was clinically warranted and appropriate, resulting in a floor effect. The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in the final three quarters of the posttrial period, may also be related to increased antipsychotic medication initiation.