Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Peri-implant disease is a common complication of implant-supported rehabilitation. This study aimed to explore the association between inflammatory cytokine levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and the development of peri-implant diseases. METHODS: Patients who underwent dental implant surgery at the Department of Stomatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital between July and December 2024 were prospectively enrolled and received routine postoperative oral care. At 3 months postoperatively, levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in PICF were measured. The incidences of peri-implant diseases at 12 months postoperatively were determined. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of peri-implant diseases, and the associations between PICF inflammatory cytokines and peri-implant diseases were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 111 patients (157 implants) were screened; 65.8% (73/111) were male, with a mean age of 60.6 ± 7.1 years. At 3 months postoperatively, median PICF levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were 20.8 (15, 23.4), 3.7 (2.6, 5.0), and 13.7 (11.8, 16.0) pg./mL, respectively. At 12 months postoperatively, the incidences of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis were 14.4% (16/111) and 6.3% (7/111), respectively. In univariate logistic regression analyses, both IL-1β and IL-6 were suggested as potential predictors of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis (all p < 0.05). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, only IL-1β remained a potential predictor (both p < 0.05). For IL-1β > 25 pg./mL, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis within this dataset yielded areas under the curve of 0.833 (p < 0.0001) and 0.804 (p = 0.0094) for peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, respectively, suggesting possible discriminatory ability. CONCLUSION: Elevated IL-1β levels in PICF at 3 months postoperatively may serve as a potential predictor of peri-implant disease at 12 months after implant placement. These findings will need to be validated in larger, multicenter studies in the future.