Research progress on the causes and countermeasures of postoperative swelling in gluteal muscle contracture

Surgical site swelling represents a prevalent complication following gluteal contracture release that adversely impacts functional recovery; while current literature predominantly focuses on rehabilitation outcomes, insufficient attention has been paid to swelling etiology. This review synthesizes causative evidence across three determinant categories: (1) preoperative factors-individual variations in coagulation profiles and symptom severity; (2) intraoperative variables-technical disparities in hemostasis, surgical trauma magnitude, and irrigation parameters; (3) postoperative divergences-inconsistent compression bandaging, exercise initiation timing, education quality, and compliance. Critical preventive strategies include implementing comprehensive preoperative education, standardizing surgical protocols, instituting graded rehabilitation, and establishing early detection-intervention frameworks, which collectively reduce swelling incidence and severity. These evidence-based approaches offer optimized clinical pathways while informing future research.