Abstract
BACKGROUND: In order to provide responsive, individualised and personalised care, there is now greater engagement with patients, families and carers in designing health services. Out-of-hours care is an essential component of community palliative care. However, little is known about how patients, families and carers have been involved in the planning and design of these services. AIM: To systematically search and review the research literature that reports on how out-of-hours palliative care services are provided in the community and to identify the extent to which the principles of co-design have been used to inform the planning and design of these services. DESIGN: Systematic literature search and review. DATA SOURCES: A systematic search for published research papers from seven databases was conducted in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Emcare, PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science, from January 2010 and December 2021. Reference list searches of included papers were undertaken to source additional relevant literature. A manifest content analysis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: A total of 77 papers were included. The majority of out-of-hours services in the community were provided by primary care services. The review found little evidence that patients, families or carers were involved in the planning or development of out-of-hours services. CONCLUSION: Incorporating patients, families and carers priorities and preferences in the planning and designing of out-of-hours palliative care service is needed for service providers to deliver care that is more patient-centred. Adopting the principles of co-design may improve how out-of-hours care scan be delivered.