Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of area- and volumetric-based visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT) by MRI and their ratio in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism from the general population. METHODS: Subjects from a population-based cohort with established prediabetes, diabetes and healthy controls without prior cardiovascular diseases underwent 3 T MRI. VAT and SAT were assessed as total volume and area on a single slice, and their ratio (VAT/SAT) was calculated. Clinical covariates and cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and glycemic state were assessed in standardized fashion. Univariate and adjusted analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Among 384 subjects (age: 56.2 ± 9.2 years, 58.1% male) with complete MRI data available, volumetric and single-slice VAT, SAT and VAT/SAT ratio were strongly correlated (all >r = 0.89). Similarly, VAT/SAT(volume) ratio was strongly correlated with VAT(volume) but not with SAT (r = 0.72 and r = -0.21, respectively). Significant higher levels of VAT, SAT and VAT/SAT ratio were found in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism (all p ≤ 0.01). After adjustment for potential cardiovascular confounders, VAT(volume) and VAT/SAT(volume) ratio remained significantly higher in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism (VAT(volume) = 6.9 ± 2.5 l and 3.4 ± 2.3 l; VAT/SAT(volume) ratio = 0.82 ± 0.34 l and 0.49 ± 0.29 l in patients with diabetes and controls, respectively, all p < 0.02), whereas the association for SAT(volume) attenuated. Additionally, there was a decreasing effect of glycemic status on VAT/SAT(volume) ratio with increasing body mass index and waist circumference (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: VAT(volume) and VAT/SAT(volume) ratio are associated with impaired glucose metabolism, independent of cardiovascular risk factors or MRI-based quantification technique, with a decreasing effect of VAT/SAT(volume) ratio in obese subjects. Advances in knowledge: Quantification of VAT(volume) and VAT/SAT(volume) ratio by MRI represents a reproducable biomarker associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism, while the association of VAT/SAT(volume) ratio with glycemic state is attenuated in obese subjects.