Abstract
The X+Y scheduling model has become a widely adopted and effective approach within pediatric and internal medicine residency training programs across the United States. A closer examination of the factors contributing to its success reveals the broader societal and generational context influencing today's medical trainees-specifically, members of Generation Z (Gen Z). This model supports enhanced adaptability and personalization of learning, fosters teamwork and collaboration, integrates flexibility and wellness, and promotes diversity and inclusion-key educational priorities that align closely with Gen Z's values and learning preferences. Furthermore, the model resonates with and revitalizes foundational principles of adult learning theory. As Gen Z continues to comprise the majority of incoming medical trainees, further research is warranted to evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of the X+Y model in pediatric subspecialty fellowships and other residency programs, particularly in surgical and procedural-based specialties.