The loneliness of the long-distance toad: invasion history and social attraction in cane toads (Rhinella marina)

远距离蟾蜍的孤独:海蟾蜍(Rhinella marina)的入侵历史和社会吸引力

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Abstract

Individuals at the leading edge of a biological invasion constantly encounter novel environments. These pioneers may benefit from increased social attraction, because low population densities reduce competition and risks of pathogen transfer, and increase benefits of information transfer. In standardized trials, cane toads (Rhinella marina) from invasion-front populations approached conspecifics more often, and spent more time close to them, than did conspecifics from high-density, long-colonized populations.

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