Abstract
Amorphization using impurity doping is a promising approach to improve the thermoelectric properties of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) thin films. However, an abnormal phenomenon has been observed where an excessive concentration of doped atoms increases the lattice thermal conductivity (κ(l)). To elucidate this paradox, we propose two hypotheses: (1) metal hydroxide formation due to the low bond enthalpy energy of O and metal atoms and (2) localized vibration due to excessive impurity doping. To verify these hypotheses, we doped ZnO and CeO(2,) which have low and high bond enthalpies with oxygen, respectively, into the ITO thin film. Regardless of the bond enthalpy energy, the κ(l) values of the two thin films increased due to excessive doping. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was conducted to determine the metal hydroxide formation. There was no significant difference in wave absorbance originating from the OH stretching vibration. Therefore, the increase in κ(l) due to the excessive doping was due to the formation of localized regions in the thin film. These results could be valuable for various applications using other transparent conductive oxides and guide the control of the properties of thin films.