Abstract
RpoS is a key regulator of general stress responses in Escherichia coli. Its expression is post-transcriptionally up-regulated by the small RNAs (sRNAs), ArcZ, DsrA and RprA, through sRNA-rpoS mRNA interactions. Although overexpression of the sRNA, CyaR, was reported to down-regulate rpoS expression, how CyaR regulates rpoS has not been determined. Here, we report that CyaR represses rpoS expression by base-pairing with a region next to the ArcZ binding site in the 5' UTR of rpoS mRNA and that CyaR expression itself is down-regulated by ArcZ through sRNA-sRNA interaction. The short form of ArcZ, but not the full-length form, can base-pair with CyaR. This ArcZ-CyaR interaction triggers degradation of CyaR by RNase E, alleviating the CyaR-mediated rpoS repression. These results suggest that ArcZ not only participates in rpoS translation as an activator, but also acts as a regulator of the reciprocally acting CyaR, maximizing its rpoS-activating effect.