Abstract
Various diffractive, refractive and holographic optical elements, such as diffraction gratings; microlens raster; phase plates; multi-order diffractive optical elements; adaptive mirrors; diffractive and refractive axicons; holographic multiplexes and many others are used to analyze wavefront aberrations. We shortly discuss the features (advantages and disadvantages) of various wavefront aberration sensors in the Introduction. The main part of the paper is devoted to the analysis of the weight coefficients of Zernike polynomials obtained during medical examinations of the cornea in the human eye. Using data obtained by aberrometers, the average values of the Zernike polynomial coefficients for the anterior and posterior surfaces of the healthy eye cornea and a myopic one were calculated. The original wavefront for the anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea was restored separately, as well as the total wave aberration. For an objective assessment of the quality of vision, the corresponding point spread functions (PSFs) were calculated. We propose to compensate for the aberrations of the myopic eye, taking into account the physical features of the corneal surface. The results of numerical simulation showed that in order to improve the quality of the patient's vision, it is necessary to take into account high-order aberrations of the anterior surface of the cornea in the form of a coma of the third order and aberrations of the fourth order.