Abstract
The use of polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) as templates for electroless nickel plating is a promising method for producing ultra-porous metallic lattice structures with consistent wall thickness. These structures have desirable properties such as low density, high specific strength, resilience, and absorbency, making them suitable for various applications including battery electrodes, catalyst supports, and acoustic or vibration damping. This study aimed to optimize and investigate the electroless nickel plating process on polyHIPEs. Initially, a surfactant (Hypermer)-stabilized water-in-oil emulsion based on 2-ethylhexyl-acrylate and isobornyl-acrylate was used as a 3D printing resin to create polyHIPE structures. Then, the electroless nickel plating process was optimized using polyHIPE discs. The study also examined the effects of air, argon, and reducing atmospheres during the heating process to remove the polyHIPE template using metallized 3D-printed polyHIPE lattice structures. The findings indicated that different atmospheres led to the formation of distinct compounds. While nickel-coated polyHIPEs were fully oxidized in an air atmosphere, nickel phosphide (Ni(3)P) structures occurred in argon and reducing atmospheres along Ni metal. Moreover, in argon and reducing atmospheres, the porous structure of the polyHIPEs was retained as the internal structure was completely carbonized. Overall, the study demonstrated that intricate polyHIPE structures can be used as templates to create ultra-porous metal-based lattices for a wide range of applications.