Abstract
The process of 3D printing has found its way into orthopedics and trauma surgery, particularly for complex interventions on the elbow and forearm. By producing patient-specific implants and surgical templates misalignments, fractures and deformities can be precisely corrected. It could be shown that this technology increases the surgical accuracy, shortens recovery times and reduces postoperative complications. Compared to conventional implants 3D-printed implants provide the advantage of individual adaptation to the anatomical situation of the patient. This is particularly relevant in complex cases, such as malunions, congenital malformations (e.g., Madelung's deformity) and tumor-related deformities. The preoperative planning with 3D models enables a detailed simulation of the procedure and optimizes the placement of the implants. Despite these advantages challenges still remain: the production of patient-specific implants is time-consuming and cost-intensive. In addition, the technology requires expertise and special resources, which limit its application in less specialized centers. Future developments, such as 4D printing with shape-changing implants, promise further progress. By combining precision, individualization and dynamic adaptability, 3D-printed implants could sustainably improve patient care in orthopedics and trauma surgery.