Abstract
The urgent need to tackle the effects of global warming has led to a worldwide compromise and ever-more demanding regulations. In this respect, as an important greenhouse gas emitter, the cement industry has to implement major changes in its production processes to achieve future goals. In this perspective, low-carbon eco-efficient cement, such as the thermoactivated recycled cement from concrete waste (RCC), seem to be a promising alternative to current carbon-intensive binders, such as ordinary Portland cement (OPC). This study aimed to demonstrate the potential contribution of RCC to the reduction in the environmental impacts of the cement industry, by means of a comparative life cycle assessment of three production methods of this binder (wet (WM), dry (DM) and air clean (ACM) methods) and OPC. Overall, RCC WM did not turn out to be a good alternative to OPC, essentially owing to the amount of fuel and electricity required for washing and drying the particles before the magnetic separation. On the other hand, RCC DM and RCC ACM proved to be promising alternatives to RCC WM and OPC, with a relevant reduction in all impact categories.