Background
Wagner vitreoretinopathy (WVR) is a rare autosomal dominant vitreoretinopathy caused by pathogenic variants in the VCAN gene. The
Conclusions
Our results expand the mutation spectrum of VCAN and further confirm that the splicing sites for exon 8 are mutation hot spots. Patients with WVR may present high phenotype variation; therefore, molecular analysis is very important for precise diagnosis of patients with inherited vitreoretinopathy.
Methods
Four affected individuals from a three-generation family underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations, including best-corrected visual acuity by Snellen E chart, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy under pupil dilatation, ocular B-ultrasonography, optical coherence tomography scans, and fundus autofluorescence. Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed to identify variants of the disease-causing gene for the proband, followed by co-segregation analysis using Sanger-DNA sequencing. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out to verify the effects of a variant on VCAN pre-mRNA splicing in the lymphocytes from the patients.
Results
We detected a novel heterozygous variant c.4004-4_c.4004-3delinsCA of VCAN in all four affected individuals. RT-PCR revealed that the novel variant caused an abnormal splicing in exon 8 of the VCAN and imbalanced versican transcripts. All four patients presented vitreous syneresis and bilateral retinal detachment occurring at different ages. The patients also showed different extents of visual defects and diverse clinical manifestations, including cataract, iris-lens synechiae, inverted papillae, and ectopic foveas. Conclusions: Our results expand the mutation spectrum of VCAN and further confirm that the splicing sites for exon 8 are mutation hot spots. Patients with WVR may present high phenotype variation; therefore, molecular analysis is very important for precise diagnosis of patients with inherited vitreoretinopathy.