Abstract
Local breeds possess unique genetic traits adapted to local environments, serving as vital livelihood and economic resources. The Yunling goat breed, native to Yunnan Province in southwest China, is a typical representative of indigenous breeds. Understanding its genetic background aids in enhancing breeding programs. Whole-genome sequencing of 56 Yunling goats and 21 Nubian goats (for comparison) using the DNBSEQ-T7 platform generated an average depth of 22×. All samples achieved Q20 scores of 98%, with clean reads showing 99% mapping to the goat T2T reference genome (GCA_040806595.1). Genome coverage averaged 98.55% with mean alignment depth of 20.48×. A total of 15,780,879 and 17,014,849 small variants were identified in Yunling and Nubian goats, respectively, alongside 22,028 and 23,873 structural variants per breed. This high-quality dataset provides a valuable resource for genomic research, supporting indigenous genetic resource conservation and facilitating improved breed selection.