Abstract
Vitiligo is a common autoimmune disease that progressively destroys melanocytes in the skin, resulting in the appearance of patchy depigmentation. The aim of this review is to increase awareness towards vitiligo by providing insight on the pathogenesis and management options. Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary skin disease, which can appear with one or a few macules. Based on the distribution pattern, vitiligo is classified into three different types: segmental, non-segmental, and unclassified. Oxidative stress, autoimmunity, and genetic factors are the main theories contributing to the cause of vitiligo, although the exact cause remains unknown. Various management methods depend on the type, severity, and progression of the disease. This dermatological condition is prevalent globally and shows a slightly higher incidence in females. Multiple hypotheses explain the complex mechanisms of vitiligo, with current research focusing on the roles of oxidative stress, genetic predisposition, and autoimmune responses in its development. Effective treatments include topical corticosteroids and phototherapy.