Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic roles of various immunohistochemical (IHC) markers in urothelial carcinoma in situ (uCIS) through a meta-analysis and review of diagnostic test accuracy. Materials and Methods: The IHC markers CK20, CD44, AMACR, and p53 were evaluated in the present study. We analyzed the expression rates of the IHC markers and compared their diagnostic accuracies. Results: The estimated expression rates were 0.803 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.726-0.862), 0.142 (95% CI: 0.033-0.449), 0.824 (95% CI: 0.720-0.895), and 0.600 (95% CI: 0.510-0.683) for CK20, CD44, AMACR, and p53, respectively. In the comparison between uCIS and reactive/normal urothelium, the expression of CK20, AMACR, and p53 in uCIS was significantly higher than in reactive/normal urothelium. CD44 showed significantly lower expression in uCIS than in the reactive/normal urothelium. Among the markers, AMACR had the highest sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio. The AUC on SROC was the highest for CK20. Conclusions: In conclusion, IHC markers, such as CK20, CD44, AMACR, and p53, can be useful in differentiating uCIS from reactive/normal urothelium.