Conclusions
EP may be a promising anti-inflammatory supplement to improve survival during resuscitation in critical care.
Results
Resuscitation with Hextend supplemented with EP rescued all the animals from lethal hemorrhage. Unlike conventional fluids, EP inhibited the production of inflammatory and cardiodepressant factors such as TNF and high mobility group B protein-1. From a pharmacologic perspective, resuscitation with EP was particularly effective inhibiting TNF production in the spleen and the heart. Unlike other anti-inflammatory strategies, EP mitigated systemic inflammation through a mechanism independent of the spleen. At the molecular level, EP inhibited both poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and p65RelA DNA binding without affecting IkappaBalpha activation. Conclusions: EP may be a promising anti-inflammatory supplement to improve survival during resuscitation in critical care.