Background
Early diagnosis and treatment significantly improve the prognosis of coronary heart disease (CHD), but no convenient screening tools are available. This study aims to find potential non-invasive screening biomarkers of coronary heart disease. Method: We performed microarray analysis to investigate the mRNA expression levels in Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and screen significantly differentially expressed mRNAs in CHD patients vs. non-CHD patients. We then performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to validate the microarray
Conclusions
Microarray analysis showed that upregulated S1PR5 and downregulated CARNS1 in sEVs have the potential to become non-invasive biomarkers for CHD screening.
Results
From the study, we found that upregulated sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1PR5) and downregulated carnosine synthase 1 (CARNS1) had the most significant differences between the patient group and the control group. S1PR5 expression was correlated with diabetes, heart rate, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and fasting blood glucose (P < 0.05). CARNS1 level was correlated with uric acid (UA) (P < 0.05). Overexpressed S1PR5 and downregulated CARNS1 were independent risk factors for CHD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of S1PR5 was 0.838 for diagnosing CHD; the AUC of CARNS1 was 0.883 for non-CHD; and the AUC of S1PR5 plus CARNS1 was 0.921 for CHD. Conclusions: Microarray analysis showed that upregulated S1PR5 and downregulated CARNS1 in sEVs have the potential to become non-invasive biomarkers for CHD screening.