Abstract
In the Antarctic, Arctic, and Tibetan Plateau-recognized as the Earth's three poles characterized by extremely harsh environments-lichens prevail in the ecosystem and play crucial roles as pioneer species. Despite their importance, studies investigating the spatial distribution patterns of lichen attributes are scarce due to a lack of appropriate datasets. To bridge this gap and enhance our understanding of the growth preferences of lichens in these areas, here we present a geospatial dataset encompassing key attributes of lichens, such as color type and growth form, for over 2800 lichen species and 170,000 in-situ lichen records. The dataset facilitates the creation of the first spatial distribution map illustrating the variation of lichen attributes across different latitudes and longitudes. This can serve as a foundational resource for studies on the relationship between lichen types and their growing environment, which is a vital scientific question in the ecology domain. Additionally, it can contribute to the development of specialized remote sensing technique tailored for lichen monitoring, which is currently lacking.