Abstract
Background: Electronic medical records (EMRs) refer to the digital copies of paper notes prepared in the physician's office, outpatient clinics and other departments in health care institutes. EMRs are considered to be significant and preferable to paper records because they allow providers to keep accurate track of patient data and monitoring over time, thus reducing errors, and enhance overall health care quality. The aim of this systematic review was to highlight the significance of EMRs and the effectiveness of implementation regarding reducing documentation errors and waiting time for patients in outpatient clinics. Methods: PubMed, Central, Ovid, Scopus, Science Direct, Elsevier, Cochrane , WHO website and the McMaster University Health Evidence website from 2005-2020 were searched to identify studies that investigated the association between the EMR implementation and documentation error and waiting time for patients. A reviewer screened identified citations and extracted data according to the PRISMA guidelines and data was synthesized in a narrative manner. Results: After full text examination of the articles selected for this literature review, the major themes of relevance that were identified in the context of reducing documentation errors and waiting time for patients in outpatient clinic include: reduction of medical errors because of fewer documentation errors resulting from EMR implementation and reduction of waiting time for patients due to overall improvement of system workflow after use of EMRs. Conclusion: In summary of the reviewed evidence from published material, the implementation of an EMR system in any outpatient setting appears to reduce documentation errors (medication dose errors, issues of prescription errors). It was also seen that in many settings, waiting time for patients in outpatient clinics was reduced with EMR use, while in other settings it was not possible to determine if any significant improvement was seen in this aspect after EMR implementation.