Conclusion
The vaccine design is modular and could be adapted to include B-cell epitopes from other mucosal pathogens where an IgA response is required for protection.
Methods
Specifically, we have explored a vaccination strategy with biocompatible liposomes that express conserved streptococcal and influenza A virus B-cell epitopes on their surface and contain encapsulated diphtheria toxoid as a source of T-cell help. The vaccine is adjuvanted by inclusion of the synthetic analogue of monophosphoryl lipid A, 3D-PHAD.
Results
We observe that this vaccine construct induces an Immunoglobulin A (IgA) response in both mice and ferrets. Vaccination reduces viral load in ferrets from influenza challenge and protects mice from both pathogens. Notably, vaccination significantly reduces both mortality and morbidity associated with a super-infection.