Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether treatment with escitalopram compared with placebo would lower CSF β-amyloid 42 (Aβ(42)) levels. RATIONALE: Serotonin signaling suppresses Aβ(42) in animal models of Alzheimer disease (AD) and young healthy humans. In a prospective study in older adults, we examined dose and treatment duration effects of escitalopram. METHODS: Using lumbar punctures to sample CSF levels before and after a course of escitalopram treatment, cognitively normal older adults (n = 114) were assigned to placebo, 20 mg escitalopram × 2 weeks, 20 mg escitalopram × 8 weeks, or 30 mg escitalopram × 8 weeks; CSF sampled pretreatment and posttreatment and within-subject percent change in Aβ(42) was used as the primary outcome in subsequent analyses. RESULTS: An overall 9.4% greater reduction in CSF Aβ(42) was found in escitalopram-treated compared with placebo-treated groups (p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.9%-14.2%, d = 0.81). Positive baseline Aβ status (CSF Aβ(42) levels <250 pg/mL) was associated with smaller Aβ(42) reduction (p = 0.006, 95% CI -16.7% to 0.5%, d = -0.52) compared with negative baseline amyloid status (CSF Aβ(42) levels >250 pg/mL). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term longitudinal doses of escitalopram decreased CSF Aβ(42) in cognitively normal older adults, the target group for AD prevention. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT02161458. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that for cognitively normal older adults, escitalopram decreases CSF Aβ(42).