Trivalent SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle vaccines exhibit broad-spectrum neutralization and protection against XBB.1 and BA.2.86 variants

• RBDs of the WT, BQ.1.1 and XBB.1 variants were genetically fused and displayed on the VLP to create RBDV14 ​M. • RBDV14 ​M can induce superior antibody responses against the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants XBB.1, EG.5 and BA.2.86. • RBDV14 ​M is one of the few existing next-generation vaccine candidates that utilize virus-like particle platform.