Abstract
Transfer functions of the conjugative plasmid RP4 (IncP alpha) are distributed among distinct regions of the genome, designated Tra1 and Tra2. By deletion analyses, we determined the limits of the Tra1 region, essential for intraspecific Escherichia coli matings. The Tra1 core region encompasses approximately 5.8 kb, including the genes traF, -G, -H, -I, -J, and -K as well as the origin of transfer. The traM gene product, however, is not absolutely required for conjugation but significantly increases transfer efficiency. To determine the transfer phenotype of genes encoded by the Tra2 core region, we generated a series of defined Tra2 mutants. This revealed that at least trbB, -C, -E, -G, and -L are essential for RP4 conjugation. To classify these transfer functions as components of the DNA transfer and replication (Dtr) or of the mating pair formation (Mpf) system, we analyzed the corresponding derivatives with respect to mobilization of IncQ plasmids and donor-specific phage propagation. We found that all of the Tra2 genes listed above and the traG and traF genes of Tra1 are required for RSF1010 mobilization. Expression of traF from Tra1 in conjunction with the Tra2 core was sufficient for phage propagation. This implies that the TraG protein is not directly involved in pilus formation and potentially connects the relaxosome with proteins enabling the membrane passage of the DNA. The proposed roles of the RP4 transfer gene products are discussed in the context of virulence functions encoded by the evolutionarily related Ti T-DNA transfer system of agrobacteria.