Abstract
The black movement uses the fight against racism to educate and reeducate Brazilian society, influencing health conditions with actions aimed at the well-being of the black population. This essay aims to identify the relationship between black population's health and death and emancipation policies from a historical perspective, considering racism in Brazil, the role of the state, and black resistance in guaranteeing health rights, from the twentieth century to the implementation of the Brazilian National Comprehensive Health Policy for the Black Population (PNSIPN, acronym in Portuguese) in 2006. This study adopts a theoretical essay methodology, enabling in-depth reflections on historical perspectives related to black people's health. The findings suggest a continuation of mechanisms based on the state's death policies that hinder black communities' access to health due to racism and its tools. At the same time, the black population has actively built emancipatory knowledge and policies over the years with intentional social, cultural and political interventions, such as the PNSIPN and the Brazilian Racial Equality Statute.