Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of specific exercise programs on pain and the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders in a workplace setting through the assessment of randomized controlled trials. DESIGN: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA format. DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were searched between November 2024 and January 2025. STUDY SELECTION: A total of 24 studies were included in this review, assessed for methodological quality using critical appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). DATA EXTRACTION: Specific physical activity targeting the cervical area, shoulders, and upper limbs was found to be effective in preventing pain and the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders in workplace contexts, particularly with strength and toning programs. Additionally, specific exercise programs targeting the lumbar region may have a positive preventive effect and could help manage symptoms in workers with non-specific low back pain. Global programs aimed at preventing musculoskeletal disorders generally showed good results for managing musculoskeletal pain. RESULTS: The inclusion of specific exercise and physical activity programs in exposed populations has positive outcomes on pain and the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the findings suggest that implementing targeted exercise programs can significantly benefit workers by reducing pain and preventing musculoskeletal issues.