Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer of childhood. Its estimated incidence is 1 case per 15 000 to 18 000 births. The purpose of this study is to highlight the epidemiological and clinical features of this disease as well as its management in Burkina Faso. We conducted a retrospective study over a period of 5 years at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center. The average age of patients was 33 months, with predominance of male sex (68.75%). Exophthalmia was the most frequent reason for consultation (59.37%). The predominant pattern was unilateral (75%) associated with eye protrusion (59.38%). Chemotherapy associated with surgery was the treatment of choice, with a 5-year survival rate of 34.37%. Retinoblastoma is one of the most common cancers in children younger than 5 years. In our low-income country this disease is diagnosed late. Patients´ management is complex and is commonly associated with poor prognosis. Mortality and morbidity from this disease are disproportionate in our country facing a shortage of technical equipment. In our low-income country, patient´s management should be based on early detection of the disease as well as on adequate treatment.